tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28691046530286623202024-03-13T03:54:36.756-10:00ICS691Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-91786101740662479472011-04-18T10:18:00.003-10:002011-04-18T10:59:29.939-10:00Session 7: Management and Conflict<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">I chose to analyze the rules of Facebook for this week’s assignment. For the final project, I will compare the different features of Facebook with a similar, Korean social network site (Cyworld). The official rules governing Facebook can be found on the main page by clicking the “Terms” tab on the bottom; you are automatically linked to the Statement of Rights and Responsibilities (<a href="http://www.facebook.com/terms.php">http://www.facebook.com/terms.php</a></span><span style="font-size: large;">) page, and this statement includes additional links to a detailed privacy policy (<a href="http://www.facebook.com/policy.php">http://www.facebook.com/policy.php</a></span><span style="font-size: large;">), safety policy, etc. Also, these rules can be found on the Help Center page (<a href="http://www.facebook.com/help/">http://www.facebook.com/help/</a></span><span style="font-size: large;">); this also provides a useful guide for Facebook users.</span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Broken Rules</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bw24Qz3yap4/TayYpADf1BI/AAAAAAAAABI/y4HngWiIeXE/s1600/fuck+isreal+2011-04-18+00-57-03.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bw24Qz3yap4/TayYpADf1BI/AAAAAAAAABI/y4HngWiIeXE/s320/fuck+isreal+2011-04-18+00-57-03.png" width="320" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><h4 style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">1. This group of people created a group page to </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">discuss their</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"> Anti-Israel </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">thoughts; many of them used hate speech (using “F” words) towards Jews based on ethnicity, religion, or national origin. This </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">violates the </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">safety policy </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">that </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">“</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">You will not post content that is hateful, threatening</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">… or [that] </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">contains </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">…</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"> graphic or gratuitous violence</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">”</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">. </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Because there is a systemic feature, other users can report their hate speech or violent behavior. If I were an administrator, I would first let users leave feedback before removing the group for sharing inappropriate content. Answerbag, which also has a feedback system that allows users to flag content as spam or inappropriate for administrator review, uses a similar system (Gazan, 2009). However, if the plan of the group is terrorism or the collection of money to support threats, I would remove the group immediately; the security policy states that “</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Any credible threats to harm others will be removed. We may also remove support for violent organizations</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">that</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">intimidate or harass any user</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">”</span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">. </span></h4><h4 style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p3KzT-ojp-A/TayZXBSCMwI/AAAAAAAAABM/rVrN4d0i3PM/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p3KzT-ojp-A/TayZXBSCMwI/AAAAAAAAABM/rVrN4d0i3PM/s320/2.png" width="320" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. This user continuously posted pornographic content to their wall and promoted their adult video website with a link. This violates Facebook’s </span><span style="font-size: large;">strict rule </span><span style="font-size: large;">that “there is </span><u><span style="font-size: large;">no nudity or pornography policy</span></u><span style="font-size: large;"> and a</span><span style="font-size: large;">ny content that is inappropriately sexual will be removed</span><span style="font-size: large;">”</span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span><span style="font-size: large;">Because there is a feature for other users to report the person for inappropriate wall posts or even to block the person, administrators can remove the pornographic content and suspend the account immediately after receiving feedback. As Gazan (2007) explains, many rogue behaviors are reported by site moderators by reviewing and monitoring users’ feedback. However, unlike Flickr or YouTube, which both have safety mode as the default setting, Facebook does not have a feature to filter content that is not suitable for minors. As such, I would create such a feature that supports the idea that administrators or designers should listen to users’ feedback and never stop creating a user-centered design (Grimes et al, 2008). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kcKjEIkDHj0/TayZml4-qFI/AAAAAAAAABQ/Z1adjSNbDks/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kcKjEIkDHj0/TayZml4-qFI/AAAAAAAAABQ/Z1adjSNbDks/s320/4.png" width="313" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. There are several fake Facebook accounts or fan pages of Justin Bieber in the search results that violate the Registration and Account Security policy that “</span><span style="font-size: large;">You will not provide any false personal information on Facebook, or create an account for anyone other than yourself without permission</span><span style="font-size: large;"> … </span><span style="font-size: large;">You will not post content or take any action on Facebook that infringes or violates someone else's rights or otherwise violates the law</span><span style="font-size: large;">”</span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SXSYsdUw1d8/TayaI9-BJTI/AAAAAAAAABY/czDjKvdEEkw/s1600/Justin+Bieber+2011-04-18+02-24-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SXSYsdUw1d8/TayaI9-BJTI/AAAAAAAAABY/czDjKvdEEkw/s320/Justin+Bieber+2011-04-18+02-24-10.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EEmx8_YdFNE/TayZ9A7GseI/AAAAAAAAABU/wxHiCQOIUX4/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EEmx8_YdFNE/TayZ9A7GseI/AAAAAAAAABU/wxHiCQOIUX4/s320/5.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">I heard there are fans that create fake accounts to promote their favorite celebrities. Even though there is already an official account, like the screenshot above, the user of the below screenshot uses almost the same images and structure to imitate Justin Bieber. What is worse is that there are some people who believe, because the name of the page includes the word “Official”, that it is real. Because impersonation is not allowed on Facebook, there is a feature that allows you to report the person by choosing the option, “This profile is impersonating someone or is fake". However, in the real world, people can create multiple accounts using false information with different email accounts; as such, these fake accounts are not easily removed, since the process of verifying identities takes time and leads to privacy issues. However, in order to build trust between users, I would rather limit an IP address to creating only one account. Also, there are many groups that are created for reporting abuse and violation of Facebook. It is good that people gather and send feedback at the same time so that administrators can pay attention, “By working collectively, users have a much stronger ability to influence producers to make alterations. Functioning as a collective group in the form of a team or guild allows users the ability to exert more formidable pressure than they could ever accomplish individually” (Grimes et al, 2008). I also feel that there are so many similar groups that separate people into smaller groups; given this I would combine the groups into one under the heading “Feedback Center”, which I would also build using updated documents of community standards and policies, “Oversight increased both the quantity and quality of contributions while reducing antisocial behavior, and peers were as effective at oversight as experts” (Cosley et al, 2005).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">Finally, here are Five Unwritten Rules that I came up with for users:</span></div><ol style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><li><span style="font-size: large;"> Do not share personal information with anyone.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Use freedom of speech and expression, unless it violates the Facebook rules.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Be aware of the importance of diversity.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Always learn newly featured applications.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Act like you are in the real world; treat other users with respect and good faith.</span></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">References</span></u></span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Cosley, Dan, Dan Frankowski, Sara Kiesler, Loren Terveen, John Riedl (2005). How Oversight Improves Member-Maintained Communities. CHI 2005, April 2-7 2005, Portland, Oregon.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Grimes, Justin, Paul Jaeger and Kenneth Fleischmann (2008). Obfuscatocracy: A stakeholder analysis of governing documents for virtual worlds. First Monday 13(9). </span></span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gazan, Rich (2009). When Online Communities Become Self-Aware. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, 5-8 January 2009.</span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gazan, Rich (2007). Understanding the Rogue User. In: Diane Nahl and Dania Bilal, eds. Information & Emotion: The Emergent Affective Paradigm in Information Behavior Research and Theory. Medford, New Jersey: Information Today, 177-185. </span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 40.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">For this assignment, I chose caloriesperhour.com, which provides weight loss tips (food calories calculator, weight loss calculator, etc.) and has a diet and weight loss forum where many people discuss weight loss (posting users’ own diet success and failure stories, sharing body images to get self-esteem, asking about medical issues, such as eating disorders, surgery, diet pills, and supplements). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sunny Day, Scenario 1</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A user is on a diet. She has lost a tremendous amount of weight. However, she hasn’t lost weight during past two weeks but has even gained a few pounds. Struggling, she is becoming exhausted and giving up the diet.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">She posts her before and after body images to ask for suggestions.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Many users share their experiences dealing with struggles (changing types of exercise, food, etc.) and applaud her efforts.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Her self-esteem grows and, after a while, her diet is successful.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sunny Day, Scenario 2</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A user who has never tried a diet wants to lose weight.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Because he doesn’t have any knowledge of diet plans, he joins the forum to seek the successful diet plans other people have tried.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">He reads threads and followed the diet plan with the largest view counts.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">He succeeds with the diet. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rainy Day Scenario</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A user wants to lose weight by using diet pills.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">She begins a post asking other forum users for recommendations.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Many people leave comments recommending a diet pill and telling of their successful outcomes.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">She chooses a diet pill that has been recommended many times.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">She takes the diet pill and suffers side effects (nausea, diarrhea, and dehydration); then she falls victim to depression.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sDd7vHrIG08/TZmHmgDvseI/AAAAAAAAABE/nyeS8bFiui4/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sDd7vHrIG08/TZmHmgDvseI/AAAAAAAAABE/nyeS8bFiui4/s320/2.jpg" width="287" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Users share knowledge of variety of diet pills and supplements.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">How is online identity shaped and expressed through interactions in this community?</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; text-indent: 40.0pt; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Donath (2007) explains that the strong ties in networks can give support to members of the group and weak ties make people feel less responsibility but provide more access to a variety of information. Users of caloriesperhour have both strong and weak ties. They give emotional support to each other, even though they don’t meet offline, and they interact often by sending private messages. Weak ties are characterized by the fact that most people don’t know each other but share information that they can’t get offline freely because of the limits of time, place, or accessibility. </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VKtozc6HICo/TZmHDT21y8I/AAAAAAAAABA/uYfirx1IUC4/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="161" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VKtozc6HICo/TZmHDT21y8I/AAAAAAAAABA/uYfirx1IUC4/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Users give emotional support to each other.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 40pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; text-indent: 40.0pt; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Like Bodyspace, caloriesperhour is a passion-centric social network site. “Social network sites connect people because of a shared passion, such as religion, pets, or specific hobbies” (Ploderer et al, 2008). I believe that there are common reasons for users joining and participating in these two communities. First, <span style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">both communities help users to monitor their progress in the pursuit of their passion, Bodyspace users post their body images to get feedback, mostly applause, from the audience, as in a bodybuilding show; while caloriesperhour users post body image to get suggestions for diet plans. Second, I agree with Ploderer’s statement that “passion-centric social network sites connect mostly people with no previous offline connections”. I have observed that most users of caloriesperhour forum don’t meet offline but freely interact with each other online. Although I feel that there are more chances for bodybuilders to meet other forum users offline since they participate in competitions and work out together at the gym. “People form new relationships with others on social network sites. Thus, social network sites provide them with a community of like-minded people that extends their offline connections with peers, friends and coaches” (Ploderer et al.). Unlike Bodyspace users, who want to get information on how to prepare for bodybuilding competitions, users in caloriesperhour focus on searching for individual diet plans. “Comparing oneself with others is essential in any competitive sport including bodybuilding … they compare themselves with others who are in a worse position in order to enhance their self-esteem” (Ploderer et al.). In addition, most users in Bodyspace already have information about the sport—in other words, there are more experts—while caloriesperhour users are mostly amateurs and have more tendencies to struggle and share why they failed to lose weight. </span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; word-break: keep-all;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; text-indent: 40.0pt; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">According to Wellman (2003), networked individualism comes from changes in society (social changes, land use changes, and technological changes). The Internet has caused networks in society to expand from face-to-face groups to online groups, where people access the Internet using mobile phones and create online identities to interact with other people in social network sites. Donath emphasizes the importance of trust in users sharing reliable information. In caloriesperhours.com, users sometimes give and get false information. Not every user is trustworthy and sometimes represent themselves with unidentifiable information in their profiles (no avatars, no real name, etc.); nevertheless, strong ties are built because they have the same interest. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; word-break: keep-all;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; word-break: keep-all;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">References</span></u></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Wellman, Barry, Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, Wenhong Chen, Keith Hampton, Isabel Isla de Diaz and Kakuko Miyata (2003). The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8(3). <u><span style="color: blue;">http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue3/wellman.html</span></u></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Donath, Judith. (2007). Signals in Social Supernets. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(1). <u><span style="color: blue;">http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/donath.html</span></u></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; word-break: keep-all;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ploderer, B., S. Howard & P. Thomas (2008). Being Online, Living Offline: The Influence of Social Ties Over the Appropriation of Social Network Sites. Proceedings of CSCW 2008. </span></div>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-91770532444609923442011-03-13T23:59:00.003-10:002011-03-14T05:52:27.709-10:00Session 5:Social Q&A sites vs. libraries or schools<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>KO</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:SpaceForUL/> <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/> <w:DoNotLeaveBackslashAlone/> <w:ULTrailSpace/> <w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/> <w:AdjustLineHeightInTable/> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">With the development of such technology as smart phones and web 2.0, people can access information more easily than ever. Use of the web 2.0 features in library services is not limited to the library system, but provides the service for outreach education, electronic commerce, etc.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Web 2.0 has provided an infrastructure within which users can participate, and when given the chance they have done so enthusiastically” (Gazan</span><span lang="EN-US">, 2008</span><span lang="EN-US">). </span><span lang="EN-US">For example, the library webpage links to Google Books and online book stores like Amazon and Library Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) so that users can search for, buy, and check out books from a nearby library or even from other states using the Interlibrary Loan Service. Also, even outside of the library, people can get information via iPhone at any time or from any place using Social Q&A sites like </span><span lang="EN-US">Yahoo! Answers</span><span lang="EN-US"> (Dempsey, 2009). This flexibility, which is a huge strength of Social Q&As, can make up for weaknesses in traditional education, such as limited time and the need to be physically present in libraries or schools to access information. In order to solve the problems of time and physical presence, libraries should adapt the strengths of the virtual world through Social Q&A sites. Dempsey recommends that library staffs solve the problem with increased availability: “</span><span lang="EN-US">As users interact with services on the network, library staff needs to be more visible. This is partly a matter of being accessible in the variety of ways that people communicate (e–mail, texting, etc.).” </span><span lang="EN-US">The first screen shot shows that Memorial Hall Library in Northeast Massachusetts provides 24/7 reference service via email and instant message to local residents. Providing 24/7 virtual reference service allows users access to reliable information from librarians or information experts. </span><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">Social Q&As are not based on one-to-one communication, but one-to-multiple-user communication; whereas when people go to libraries or schools, they ask questions to one teacher or reference librarian. The strengths of one-to-multiple-user communication lead to an increase in the quantity of the information and to social annotation, which “</span><span lang="EN-US">refers to uncontrolled user comments and interactions around a digital resource, to distinguish it from more formal senses of content annotation” (Gazan</span><span lang="EN-US">, 2008</span><span lang="EN-US">). </span><span lang="EN-US">Libraries should also encourage people’s participation, for example by allowing users to edit and delete contents, as in Yahoo! Answers and to communicate with librarians, web technicians, and other users. The second screen shot shows that Ann Arbor District Library in Michigan allows users to leave reviews; thus, users are not only content consumers but also content creators. In a library setting, users create book reviews, book covers, and videos related to the material. Unlike AADL, to which only residents can contribute, it would be good to have a digital library without regional or language barriers, so that anyone in the world can access reliable information. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-nsoa2VqtoYI/TX3pxDQr8vI/AAAAAAAAAA4/6DUXzMNGEPw/s1600/The+Girl+With+The+Dragon+Tattoo+-+Ann+Arbor+District+Library_1300097342655.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-nsoa2VqtoYI/TX3pxDQr8vI/AAAAAAAAAA4/6DUXzMNGEPw/s320/The+Girl+With+The+Dragon+Tattoo+-+Ann+Arbor+District+Library_1300097342655.jpeg" width="205" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">In Social Q &A sites, you can ask questions that are difficult to find through a web search or ready references, for example </span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Why does the stomach make funny noises when we’re hungry?</span></span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span lang="EN-US"> and </span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">How do stoplights sense a car?</span></span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span lang="EN-US"> You can ask for </span><span lang="EN-US">advice and local knowledge, like restaurant recommendations</span><span lang="EN-US"> (Leibenluft, 2007), which you can’t really ask a librarian or teacher. </span><span lang="EN-US">The strengths of traditional education can also help the weaknesses of Social Q&As. For example, the difficulty of controlling contents in Social Q&As, such as same-question repetition and spam comments, could be solved by allowing users to report to a web moderator and flag inappropriate contents (Gazan</span><span lang="EN-US">, 2008</span><span lang="EN-US">). Also, </span><span lang="EN-US">librarians and teachers are more likely to teach you how to find reliable information than just to give you an answer. Yahoo! Answers is not only a Social Q&A but also social networking site where people have discussions and build online relationship. Social Q&As are less reliable than traditional education because the information is provided anonymously and even by non experts. Duguid explains that Social Q&A sites are based on peer production and the laws of quality: “</span><span lang="EN-US">Peer production projects constantly change. What is flawed today may be flawless tomorrow</span><span lang="EN-US">”. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of Yahoo! Answers, the web moderator creates features that prevent users from submitting an answer without citation of a reliable source.<span> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>References</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Duguid, Paul (2006). Limits of Self-Organization: Peer Production and "Laws of QualityÓ. First Monday 11(10). <a href="http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1405/1323">http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1405/1323</a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Leibenluft, Jacob (2007). A Librarian's Worst Nightmare: Yahoo! Answers, where 120 million users can be wrong. Slate, 7 December 2007. </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2179393/fr/rss/">http://www.slate.com/id/2179393/fr/rss/</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Gazan, Rich (2008). Social Annotations in Digital Library Collections. D-Lib 14(11/12). <a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november08/gazan/11gazan.html">http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november08/gazan/11gazan.html</a></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> Dempsey, Lorcan (2009). Always On: Libraries in a World of Permanent Connectivity. First Monday 14(1). <a href="http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2291/2070">http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2291/2070</a></span></div></div>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-80629092293731944992011-02-27T23:58:00.008-10:002011-03-06T17:11:39.050-10:00Session 4: Social role, capital and trust<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">For this assignment, I have chosen fashionspot.com and eBay.com for a comparison of the communities’ social capital and trust mechanisms.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Fashionspot is a big international website for fashion, and it not only has its own contents, such as news about fashion and celebrities, but also a forum where users can share interests by posting and commenting on fashion. Because you can’t join the community without an invitation from a member, it is hard to enter the community to contribute. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-a9PYpgTvXnI/TWtoebsymdI/AAAAAAAAAAk/9oLj0oJHmY8/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="65" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-a9PYpgTvXnI/TWtoebsymdI/AAAAAAAAAAk/9oLj0oJHmY8/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Luckily, I asked my friend, who is already member of fashionspot, to invite me so I could join and observe other members’ activities.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vFqmA7nWUI0/TXRM21YlEZI/AAAAAAAAAA0/aB9gNaavlVs/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="96" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vFqmA7nWUI0/TXRM21YlEZI/AAAAAAAAAA0/aB9gNaavlVs/s320/3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The second screen shot is an invitation email from fashionspot. Williams explains Putnam’s definition and the difference between bonding social capital and bridging social capital as follows: “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Bridging may broaden social horizons or world views, or open up opportunities for information or new resources </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">… </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">bonding</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">occurs when strongly tied individuals, such as family and close friends, provide emotional or substantive support for one another.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">” I think fashionspot has both bonding social capital, in that users get emotional support from close friends since they entered the forum by an invitation from a close friend, as well as bridging social capital, in that they can get new information about fashion from worldwide members. Members have a social role through starting new threads and leaving comments: “Discussion people typically connect to other discussion people. This social role is the source of most of the discussion content contributed to long threaded conversations” (Gleave et al., 2009). In addition, they contribute to the community by inviting friends to make fashionspot grow. However, there are strict rules about invitations, such as a limit to the number of invitations, so you can’t invite many people in order to get a referral count, for which</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> rewards are given. Also, the moderator </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">reviews the invitation to ascertain whether the person has made enough contributions to the site. This invitation and referral count shows how the mechanism of this online community works: People invite only friends and inviting a person you don’t know is not allowed, making the entire community one of friendship and trust. According to Ellison et al. (2007), social capital varies depending on the type of community: “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Social capital has been linked to a variety of positive social outcomes, such as better public health </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">… </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">more efficient financial markets</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> … </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">form of useful information, personal relationships, or the capacity to organize groups.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">” I think fashionspot’s social capital are useful information and personal relationships, while eBay.com is more concerned with financial efficiency. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Suggest Improvements for fashionspot</span></b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Unlike allkpop.com (which I introduced last week), when a member joins, his or her reputation points, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">which are below the user’s profile or avatar and show how many contributions the user made to the forum,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> are invisible to other people. I trust other members based on their past activities, so this information is very helpful. I think the number of reputation points should be visible to anyone when they join the community because members don’t know the quality of other members’ contributions, for example, whether they have broken the community rules by posting for commercial purposes. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">In addition, you can give or take reputation points from other members, depending on your standing. Because I am a newbie and haven’t contributed enough posts and comments, I cannot participate in the reputation system yet. Therefore, I think the moderator should allow a newbie to also judge the quality of a post and comment on other people. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">According to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Massa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s categories of online systems, fashionspot belongs to more than one online system: It can be classified as an <i>opinions and activity </i>site, because members share opinions, as well as a <i>news sites</i> and <i>social/entertainment site, </i>where people make new friends and share news. On the other hand, eBay.com is a well-known <i>e-marketplace</i>, where millions of members buy and sell items. It is dangerous to send money to a stranger, but the trust mechanism of eBay makes people comfortable using it. For example, unlike fashionspot’s trust mechanism, eBay’s mechanism is based on the feedback system, whereby buyers and sellers leave feedback for each other. According to Massa (2006), “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Users are allowed to rate other users after every transaction … user profile page also shows the total number of positive, negative, and neutral ratings for different time past 12 months.” Therefore, this information, located below each member’s profile, gives users the confidence to trade with each other. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">In addition to confidence, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">eBay also gives rewards or limitations depend on the ratings: “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Powersellers get fee discounts based on the 30 day DSR</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> (Detailed Seller Rating)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> averages. If all four averages are at or above 4.9 for the entire billing period, they get a 20% discount on their fees</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> … </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Sellers with a 30 day average DSR below 4.3 are placed on some sort of double-secret probation for 30 days. If the DSRs aren't raised above the specified level, the seller is prevented from selling on eBay</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">” (Ebay Help page). </span></div></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Suggest Improvements for eBay </span></b></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I think eBay should bring back the old feedback system, which shows past ratings older than 12 months. According to the 2008 eBay update on the feedback system, ratings older than 12 months are removed and no longer applied to the DSR, which I think is bad for a seller who has much positive feedback overall but negative feedback for the last 12 months. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-RwJSpr826xQ/TWtpBRU9ayI/AAAAAAAAAAs/swppDUfRFlY/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="163" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-RwJSpr826xQ/TWtpBRU9ayI/AAAAAAAAAAs/swppDUfRFlY/s320/4.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, sellers can no longer leave negative feedback for buyers because buyers are afraid of retaliation when they give negative ratings to sellers. However, I don’t think this system helps sellers when they have buyers who send a fraudulent check. Finally, detailed item information only appears for 90 days and the older transactions cannot be viewed by the buyer</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I feel that the eBay moderator should provide as much transaction information as possible, for example, by extending the viewing time for the information to 12 months in order to strengthen the trust mechanism.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yQPaE0P18xg/TWtpMjy1iHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/JIOmBHNaO8M/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="99" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yQPaE0P18xg/TWtpMjy1iHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/JIOmBHNaO8M/s320/5.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Final Project Idea</b></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Through the readings and my personal experiences, I have found that there are similar social networks sites to Twitter and Facebook in Korea (Me2day and Cyworld). I would like to compare the features and characteristics of these online communities, based on the motivations of members joining these websites, social capital, trust mechanisms, etc. The possible questions are as follows: What are the unique features of each online community? How are the features different? Do the differences result from the differences between Korean culture and American culture? </span></div></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">References</span></b></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -20pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Gleave, Eric, Howard T. Welser, Thomas M. Lento and Marc A. Smith (2009. A Conceptual and Operational Definition of ÔSocial RoleÕ in Online Community. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, 5-8 January 2009.</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -20pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Williams, D. (2006). On and Off the 'Net: Scales for Social Capital in an Online Era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), article 11.<br />
http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue2/williams.html</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -20pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Massa, Paolo (2006). A Survey of Trust Use and Modeling in Current Real Systems. Trust in E-services: Technologies, Practices and Challenges. Idea Group.</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -20pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Ellison, N.B., C. Steinfield and C. Lampe (2007). The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4). <a href="http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -20pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Fees 2008 Overview. http://pages.ebay.com/sell/update08/rewards/index.html?ov=004KO#4</span></span></div>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-54636339891784464132011-02-13T23:49:00.000-10:002011-02-13T23:49:48.791-10:00Session 3: Motivation for Participation online communities<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>KO</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:SpaceForUL/> <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/> <w:DoNotLeaveBackslashAlone/> <w:ULTrailSpace/> <w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/> <w:AdjustLineHeightInTable/> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">This week, I read some papers on the reasons why people participate in online communities. Java et al. explain 3 reasons why people join microblogs such as Twitter. These reasons are in order to 1) talk about their daily experiences 2) share information, interests or opinions 3) seek information. While Java et al. said that the most common reason for joining Twitter is to </span><span lang="EN-US">talk about daily</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">routine</span><span lang="EN-US">, Tedjamulia et al. said </span><span lang="EN-US">the most common type of participant of online communities is a lurker who consumes information but rarely contributes. I think the difference may come from the different types of online communities or individuals. Based on my experience, </span><span lang="EN-US">I agree more with Tedjamulia because I joined Twitter not to tweet my daily life but to follow other users as an information seeker.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Tedjamulia et al. explain that people have both the intrinsic motivation of being interested in contributing and increasing the value of community by creating and sharing information and the extrinsic motivation of getting rewards offered by communities such as gifts and social recognition. The quote about extrinsic motivation, “Extrinsic rewards can increase a person's intrinsic motivation under some conditions” (</span><span lang="EN-US">Tedjamulia et al.), reminds me of my past experience of online game websites. I played online games by incorporating or competing with other users and then leveled up when I won the game. After winning many online battles, the game company gave gifts to users such as cyber money or items usable in game battles. Therefore, I kept participating in the online game to win and receive these kinds of rewards. </span><span lang="EN-US">Ridings and Gefen also talk about the intrinsic motivation of people wanting to have fun and contributing to communities. In addition to the above authors, Ling et al. explain intrinsic motivation by giving an example of a MovieLens member who rates movies to have fun as well as to help other people. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Schrock explains 3 psychological factors that lead to people having motivation for online community participation. The first factor is extroversion, which means the desire for socialization with others; “</span><span lang="EN-US">Extroverts</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">may be more likely to be interested in activities that involve interacting and being around others, such as social network sites, writing on a blog, and sharing digital pictures</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Next is self disclosure which means revealing oneself to others<b>. </b>The last psychological factor is </span><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">self–efficacy</span></strong><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> which can be defined <a href="" name="8a"></a>as</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> the </span><span lang="EN-US">belief that one is capable of performing in </span><span lang="EN-US">online communities to attain one’s goals such as getting information or other reasons. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">In order to find out more specifically about the motivation for online community participation, I observed allkpop.com which provides its own content on Korean Music and a forum </span><span lang="EN-US">where you can</span><span lang="EN-US"> discuss and share information on k-pop.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">--<b><span>What modes of participation are there?</span></b> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Create user profiles or signatures or avatars.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Post topics and leave comments.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Add other members as friends who are noticeable and searchable.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Send an email or private message to another member.</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span lang="EN-US">reate and vote in polls.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Subscribe the site contents to RSS feeds and share contents via Facebook or Twitter. <span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
--<b><span>How is participation encouraged?</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The number of posts appears below the user’s profile or avatar which shows how many contributions the user made to the forum. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">“Recently Added Topics” and “</span><span lang="EN-US">Active content in the last 24 hours</span><span lang="EN-US">” are located on the main menu of the forum, so users can easily participate in new posts. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span lang="EN-US">Today's Top 20 Posters</span><span lang="EN-US">” and “Overall top posters” list members and sort them by number of posts in descending order.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">A reputation System allows users to rate other members based on the quality of their posts or comments.<span> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The forum</span><span lang="EN-US"> has </span><span lang="EN-US">markers</span><span lang="EN-US"> to indicate the </span><span lang="EN-US">type of threads that are already read or not read by users, so users can see if there are new posts</span><span lang="EN-US"> since </span><span lang="EN-US">their</span><span lang="EN-US"> last visit</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
--<b><span>Which types of content draw the most responses? </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">General discussions of Kpop - 42 posts, 3204 responses</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Discussions of individual artists - 20 posts, 1150 responses </span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Korean Movies and TV programs discussions - 10 posts, 335 responses</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Celebrity photos - 9 posts, 302 responses</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Celebrity gossip -25 posts, 842 responses</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Through my observation, I was surprised that allkpop.com, which is such a large online community with about 200,000 joined members, is so easy to get information from. Allkpop also challenges the statement “when communities become too large and chaotic, members will find the amount of information overwhelming and harder to search” (Tedjamulia et al.). I think this is because the designer of allkpop.com created a user-friendly website with useful functions such as “Recently Added Topics” and advanced searches so people can search for information by users, dates of topic created, and etc. I was also surprised that allkpop users took care about reputation power and how many friends they have. They sent invitations by viewing other members’ profiles. In addition, many users revealed their emotions frankly and even talked about their problems in online communities, which reminds me of Ridings and Gefen’s statement that people want to get emotional support from other users by revealing themselves; “</span><span lang="EN-US">Friendships in virtual communities can provide additional benefits beyond that of information exchange and social support</span><span lang="EN-US"> … </span><span lang="EN-US">Friendship in this context is about the value of being together, unlike social support that deals with seeking emotional help or helping others</span><span lang="EN-US">”. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">In conclusion, the motivation for online community participation is a mixture of people wanting to talk about daily activities, find and share information, and get extrinsic rewards and emotional support.</span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
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</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
<span>Ridings, Catherine and David Gefen (2004). Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10(1).</span><br />
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<span>Ling, K., G. Beenen, P. Ludford, X. Wang, K. Chang, X. Li, D. Cosley, D. Frankowski, L. Terveen, A.M. Rashid, P. Resnick and R. Kraut (2005). Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4), article 10.</span><br />
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<span>Tedjamulia, Steven J.J., David R. Olsen, Douglas L. Dean, Conan C. Albrecht (2005). Motivating Content Contributions to Online Communities: Toward a More Comprehensive Theory. Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.</span><br />
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<span>Schrock, Andrew (2009). Examining Social Media Usage: Technology Clusters and Social Network Site Membership. First Monday 14(1).</span><br />
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<span>Java, Akshay, Xiaodan Song, Tim Finin and Belle Tseng (2007). Why We Twitter: Understanding the Microblogging Effect in User Intentions and Communities. Joint 9th WEBKDD and 1st SNA-KDD Workshop, 12 August 2007, San Jose, California.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-60032280390176880312011-01-30T19:46:00.001-10:002011-01-30T19:55:14.887-10:00Online Identity: Positive and Negative Aspects of Surveillance<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Last week, I discussed how the Arizona shooting incident impacted on the role of social media. The suspect, Jared Lee Loughner’s unusual behaviors can be seen on his MySpace and YouTube pages, such as expressing his anger towards society, and sharing his political opinions with his friends and/or followers. As I read this week’s readings, I found interesting points that can be applied to Loughner revealing his personal information on social networking sites to how online identity is watched by others. </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After the 911 attacks, government surveillance was dramatically increased to the United States. We know surveillance of online activities harms our freedom of expression, but it’s inevitable to want to prevent potential dangers on the web, such as fraud and identity theft. For example, people stalk one’s MySpace profile to get personal information then send a threat; 29,000 sex offenders joined MySpace according to July 2007 research (Rosen 2007). </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sometimes surveillance has positive aspects. These days, many people are voluntarily engaged in online social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to communicate with friends. One of the reasons for joining online communities is to get social support, which reduces depression from stress (LaRose et al. 2001). For example, Thordora twitted a message to show her stress caused from her 3 year old baby crying all day, so she asked her followers if she smothered her baby would it be a crime. This led me to believe that she needed social support to reduce her depression. After she twitted, her followers reported the incident to police, and they actually visited her to make sure the baby was safe. After police visited, Thordora wrote cynical remarks such as "Don't do any venting in public. Don't network. Don't show anything LESS than perfect bliss…” (Weeks 2009). Weeks also mentions that, unlike Thordora, some people call for help by posting online. I think Loughner, who expressed his willingness to commit suicide, called for help. Loughner posted a photo of his automatic handgun, and a message saying "Goodbye, dear friends...Please don't be mad at me", which was considered as a suicide note (BBC News). </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sometimes police also post surveillance footage of crimes on YouTube for criminal investigations. Whether your intention to post online is to get support or help, your posting may be under surveillance, which means you are being watched by other people “Even though people obviously communicate online with a specific audience in mind, <i>e.g.</i>, their friends, the public nature of online social networking makes the information available to a much larger audience, potentially everyone with access to the Internet” (Albrechtslund 2008).</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Then, why do people want to expose their online identities? I don’t know why people want to be watched by others, revealing their personal information online, and share it with unknown people. For this unanswered question, I joined Facebook and Twitter. I began a search for groups that catered to my interest, which is figure skating. I found figure skating celebrities, but I was shocked to discover the pages were actually fake, and created by people who remain anonymous. First, I thought the Facebook pages were created by fans to promote these stars. But after reading posts and comments, which spread wrong information, I got the feeling that they were people who wanted to have attention from others rather than just be fans. Luckily, I found Facebook and Twitter both allow users to report any fake pages, so I took action to report the pages; you can report the page as spam in Twitter (figure 1), or report the page as a fake profile in Facebook (figure 2). I liked Facebook better, since it offered more options to users for reporting. Choices for reporting profiles are: 1) fake profile impersonating a public figure or celebrity, 2) impersonating me or someone I know, and 3) does not represent a real person, or pretends to be a celebrity. </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZOEtUOXYI/AAAAAAAAAAU/m_gJ6w1lZEA/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="126" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZOEtUOXYI/AAAAAAAAAAU/m_gJ6w1lZEA/s320/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZIQ0L9PJI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/zy8YbYPRSIk/s1600/2.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span><br />
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Figure 1.</span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZOL__fR0I/AAAAAAAAAAY/QVoeZqU_5pc/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZOL__fR0I/AAAAAAAAAAY/QVoeZqU_5pc/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_18B7sEYMjh0/TUZIKJdxKdI/AAAAAAAAAAM/wjEI4p6QHqw/s1600/1.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span><br />
</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Figure 2. </span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After the experience, I read our readings again and found that in order to get attention, and have status online people pretend to be a celebrity (Rosen 2007). Another reason to make a fake page is to get as many followers or fans as possible, and sell the page to the celebrity or related website “MySpace pages (and their related social networks) can be considered tangible assets. An advertisement for a MySpace Friend Adder Script promises 3,000 friend requests per day”, and claims that “If you have 150K friends, you can sell your account for at least $5000…” (Bigge 2006).</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In conclusion, people commit crimes online, such as using a fake identity to get commercial benefits. Committing identity theft or privacy invasion, by joining online communities, is a negative way for surveillance to reveal identity. On the other hand, people join online communities, and create profiles whether it’s based on a true or false identity, in order to get positive aspect of surveillance, which is that they need social support from online friends. Also police can prevent and trace criminals through their own online surveillance. </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">References</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>KO</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:SpaceForUL/> <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/> <w:DoNotLeaveBackslashAlone/> <w:ULTrailSpace/> <w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/> <w:AdjustLineHeightInTable/> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Weeks, Linton (2009). Social Responsibility and the Web: A Drama Unfolds. 8 January 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99094257</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">LaRose, R., M.S. Eastin and J. Gregg (2001). Reformulating the Internet Paradox: Social Cognitive Explanations of Internet Use and Depression. Journal of Online Behavior 1(2). http://www.behavior.net/JOB/v1n2/paradox.html </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Albrechtslund, Anders (2008). Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance. First Monday 13(3). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2142/1949</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rosen, Christine (2007). Virtual Friendship and the New Narcissism. The New Atlantis 17, 15-31. http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/virtual-friendship-and-the-new-narcissism</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bigge, Ryan (2006). The Cost of (Anti-) Social Networks: Identity, Agency and Neo-Luddites" First Monday 11(12). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1421/1339</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Arizona gunman' appeas in court." <i>BBC News</i>. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12145117</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2869104653028662320.post-17196377167690077422011-01-17T01:28:00.000-10:002011-01-17T01:31:29.500-10:00Positive and Negative Changes in Society Driven by Social Media: An Example from the Arizona Shootings<span style="font-size: small;">The news media has reported that Jared Loughner, who shot the Arizona Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords and killed others, used social media such as YouTube and MySpace. In order to react to this news, it was interesting that not only people but also traditional or old media used social media, too. As a result, later stories dealt with people’s reliance on social media, and its influence on society. What kind of positive or negative effects does the phenomenon have?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The development of technology in recent years has offered us many benefits. For example, we use smart devices such as the iPhone and androids to blog, email, and access social network sites (SNSs) such as Twitter, MySpace, Facebook, Wikipedia and YouTube from anywhere and at anytime. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">In Bridging the Gap: A Genre Analysis of Weblogs (Herring et al., 1999), it is claimed that the primary purpose of most bloggers is to keep a record of daily life and express their feelings. Loughner used MySpace, which is a type of blogging site, mainly for this purpose, offering psychology and crime experts the opportunity to analyze his behavior and character. According to the NY Times, his recent acts and his online activity both offer evidence of his instability (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/politics/09shooter.html?_r=1).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">In addition, in Blogging as Social Activity, or, Would You Let 900 Million People Read Your Diary?, interviews with selected bloggers, and an examination of their posts, show they have a tendency to express opinions to influence others and release emotional tension (Nardi et al., 2004). Loughner used YouTube and MySpace to share his political opinions, and his unstable emotions. His posts and comments on political issues and daily life, together with the personal information on his profile page, are substantial hints to understanding his character. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship (Boyd and Ellison, 2007), explains how social network sites provide various features to help users identify themselves. Loughner revealed his characteristics, and personal information, in detail using online profiles (Loughner’s YouTube online profile and examples of posts captures from http://praetorianprefect.com/archives/2011/01/jared-lee-loughner-internet-profile-photographs/). </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Arguably, therefore, the development of technology does not always offer benefits. We already know that crimes have been perpetrated through social network sites (stalking, identity theft, etc), and, as we have seen, Loughner used social media to explain his views on perceived negative changes in society. Furthermore, soon after the shootings occurred, National Public Radio’s reporter ‘tweeted’ that Giffords had died, and Reuters, FOX, CNN, and other traditional media outlets repeated this false information (http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/922370--newsmangled-gifford-news-travelled-faster-than-fact; http://www.lostremote.com/2011/01/09/how-an-incorrect-report-of-giffords-death-spread-on-twitter/). This reminded me that Tenopir, in Online Databases – Web 2.0: Our Cultural Downfall?, introduced Andrew Keen’s warning about sharing information through social networking sites (Carol Tenopir, 2007). Keen was afraid of traditional media being replaced by social networking sites that weaken the authority of information; however it is more ironic to see the traditional media also using social media and losing their authority due to spreading a falsehood. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">In conclusion, it is clear that social media has brought both positive and negative changes to society. I believe the term ‘social computing’ is used when people have an online identity and share information and social activity with others, whether they are friends or any audience connected through the social media. </span>Songhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13810350775292329608noreply@blogger.com6